A new country often means a new school system, too. When does school start? Which school type is right for my child? And what happens if they do not speak German yet?

The German school system can seem a little complex at first. Once you know the basics, however, it becomes much easier to navigate.

Compulsory schooling: school is mandatory

School attendance is compulsory in Germany. Children usually start school at around the age of six and attend for at least nine years. The exact starting age depends on the federal state. In Saxony, for example, the cut-off date is June 30. Children who turn six by this date normally start school in the same year. Younger children may also be admitted early if their parents apply and the child is considered ready for school.

The first step: primary school

Children usually spend their first four years at Grundschule, or primary school. Alongside reading, writing and mathematics, children develop social, creative and practical skills. Towards the end of grade four, families start considering the next step: which type of secondary school is the beste fit? Teachers provide guidance and recommendations, while the exact rules vary between Germany’s federal states.

After primary school: different paths

From grade five onwards, students can follow different educational pathways. In Saxony, the two main options are Oberschule and Gymnasium.

Oberschule, until 10th grade, can lead to a Hauptschulabschluss or Realschulabschluss and provides a strong basis for vocational training or further education.

Gymnasium, until 12th or 13th grade, leads towards the Abitur, the qualification generally required to study at a German university.

One thing worth knowing: the German education system offers several opportunities to change paths later on. A decision made at the age of ten does not necessarily determine a child’s entire future.

After school: childcare and Hort

Especially at primary-school level, lessons often finish around midday or in the early afternoon. Many families therefore use Hort, an after-school children program. Children can have lunch, complete homework, play with friends and take part in activities before or after lessons. For working parents, Hort is often an important part of everyday school life.

How much does school cost?

Public schools in Germany are generally free of charge. Fmilies may still have additional costs for items such as meals, school trips, learning materials or after-school care. Private and international schools usually charge tuition fees, which vary depending on the school and program.

What if my child doesn’t speak German yet?

International families arriving in Germany can access additional language support. Children with little or no German may initially attend a preparatory class, where they learn the language and gradually transition into regular lessons. International schools are another option. Many teach primarily in English and some offer internationally recognised qualifications such as the International Baccalaureate (IB). The best choice will depend on the child’s age, language skills and the family’s longer-term plans in Germany.

New to Germany: how does school enrolment work?

Families moving to Germany with school-age children should look into enrolment as early as possible.

In Saxony, the responsible State Office for Schools and Education (Landesamt für Schule und Bildung) supports newly arrived families in finding a suitable school. During this process, advisors can also determine whether additional German lessons or a preparatory class would be helpful. Depending on the child’s age and situation, further documents or appointments may be required.

Before primary school: the school readiness assessment

Before starting their first school year, children take part in a school readiness assessment (Schulaufnahmeuntersuchung).

In a child-friendly setting, professionals look at the child’s health and development and identify whether any additional support may be useful.

A parent or legal guardian accompanies the child to the appointment.

Finding the Right Path for Your Child

Primary school, Oberschule, Gymnasium, vocational training or university – the German school system offers different educational pathways and plenty of opportunities to find the right fit for each child.

For internationale families, navigating the system can still feel challenging at first. If you are new to Germany, we are happy to support your family: from finding the right school to enrolment and the fist important steps in the German school system.

This helps make the school start smoother: for your child and for the whole family.